What methods did you use to localize elements in automated tests?

Localization of elements in automated tests uses various approaches:

• Using unique attributes — for example, data-test-id or data-qa, which do not depend on text and do not change during localization.

• Localization through text templates — if elements are identified by text, then a dictionary with translations is stored in tests, and the search is conducted according to the corresponding language.

• Using CSS classes or IDs — stable selectors that do not change with language change.

• XPath or CSS selectors considering DOM structure — if the page structure is stable, relative paths can be used.

• Integration with localization frameworks — for example, obtaining localized strings from application resources for matching in tests.

Example using data-test-id:

<button data-test-id="submit-button">Submit</button>

In tests, searching by data-test-id="submit-button" will work regardless of the interface language.