What data types are available in Python? How are they categorized?

In Python, data types can be divided into several groups:

1. Numeric types:

   • int — integers, for example, 42
   • float — floating-point numbers, for example, 3.14
   • complex — complex numbers, for example, 1+2j

2. Boolean type:

   • bool — takes values True or False

3. Sequences:

   • str — strings, for example, "hello"
   • list — mutable lists, for example, [1, 2, 3]
   • tuple — immutable tuples, for example, (1, 2, 3)

4. Sets:

   • set — mutable set of unique elements
   • frozenset — immutable set

5. Mappings:

   • dict — dictionaries, key-value pairs, for example, {"key": "value"}

6. Other types:

   • NoneType — type of the object None

Example usage:

x = 10          # int
pi = 3.1415     # float
flag = True     # bool
name = "Anna"  # str
items = [1, 2, 3]  # list
point = (10, 20)    # tuple
settings = {"theme": "dark"}  # dict