What components or mechanisms in Python control the concurrent execution of threads?

In Python, concurrent execution of threads is managed by the following components and mechanisms:

• threading module: provides a high-level interface for creating and managing threads.

• Global Interpreter Lock (GIL): a mechanism that allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time, limiting parallelism in CPU-bound tasks.

• concurrent.futures module: simplifies working with threads through ThreadPoolExecutor.

• queue module: used for safe data exchange between threads.

• Asynchronous programming (asyncio): although not directly related to threads, allows efficient management of concurrency.

Example of creating and starting a thread using threading:

import threading

def worker():
    print('Thread is running')

thread = threading.Thread(target=worker)
thread.start()
thread.join()

Due to the GIL, multithreading in Python is effective for I/O-bound tasks, but for CPU-intensive tasks, multiprocessing (multiprocessing) is often used.