How is transaction management implemented in PostgreSQL?

In PostgreSQL, transaction management is performed using SQL commands: BEGIN (start of transaction), COMMIT (confirm changes), and ROLLBACK (undo changes). A transaction is a sequence of operations executed as a single unit. If an error occurs during the process, all changes can be rolled back.

In Python, when working with PostgreSQL through libraries such as psycopg2, transactions are usually managed automatically or manually:

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(...)
cur = conn.cursor()

try:
    conn.autocommit = False  # disable autocommit
    cur.execute("INSERT INTO table_name (col) VALUES ('value')")
    conn.commit()  # confirm the transaction
except Exception as e:
    conn.rollback()  # rollback on error
    print(f"Error: {e}")
finally:
    cur.close()
    conn.close()

Also, in modern versions of psycopg2, you can use a context manager for automatic transaction management.