Can you name the main architectural patterns and explain their use?

The main architectural patterns are design templates that help organize the structure of an application to improve its scalability, maintainability, and ease of development. Here are some key patterns:

• MVC (Model-View-Controller) — divides the application into three parts: the model (data and business logic), the view (user interface), and the controller (input handling). It is used to simplify UI and logic maintenance.

• MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) — similar to MVC but emphasizes two-way data binding between the View and ViewModel, often used in GUI applications.

• Layered Architecture — separates the application into layers (e.g., presentation, business logic, data access), which simplifies dependency management and testing.

• Microservices — breaks down the application into independent services, each responsible for its functionality. It allows scaling and developing parts of the system independently.

• Event-Driven Architecture — components interact through events, increasing flexibility and asynchrony.

Example of using MVC in Python with Flask:

from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)

# Model
class User:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

# Controller
@app.route('/')
def home():
    user = User('Ivan')
    return render_template('home.html', user=user)

# View (home.html)
# <h1>Hello, {{ user.name }}!</h1>

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()