What is the role and necessity of using arguments when calling a function?

Arguments when calling a function allow passing input data to it, based on which the function performs its actions. This makes the function versatile and reusable, as the same function can work with different values without changing the code.

For example, a function that adds two numbers takes two arguments — the numbers to be added:

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(3, 5)  # here 3 and 5 are function arguments
print(result)  # Will output 8

Without arguments, the function would be limited to fixed values and could not process different data.