What data types are there in Python, and how do they differ?

Python has several basic data types, which can be divided into mutable and immutable.

1. Numeric types:

   • int — integers, e.g., 42
   • float — floating-point numbers, e.g., 3.14
   • complex — complex numbers, e.g., 1+2j

2. Boolean type:

   • bool — takes values True or False

3. Sequences:

   • str — string, an immutable sequence of characters
   • list — mutable list of elements
   • tuple — immutable tuple

4. Sets:

   • set — mutable set of unique elements
   • frozenset — immutable set

5. Dictionaries:

   • dict — mutable collection of key-value pairs

The differences are mainly related to mutability (mutable/immutable), data type, and structure. For example, strings and tuples cannot be changed after creation, while lists and dictionaries can. This affects behavior when passing to functions, copying, and using as dictionary keys.