How do the main data types in Python differ and what are their features?

In Python, the main data types are divided into mutable and immutable.

• Numbers (int, float, complex) — immutable, used to store numeric values.
• Strings (str) — immutable sequences of characters.
• Lists (list) — mutable ordered collections, can contain elements of different types.
• Tuples (tuple) — immutable ordered collections.
• Sets (set) — mutable unordered collections of unique elements.
• Dictionaries (dict) — mutable collections of key-value pairs.

Features:

• Immutable types are safe to use as dictionary keys or set elements.
• Mutable types allow changing content without creating a new object.

Example:

x = 10       # int
name = "Ivan"  # str
lst = [1, 2, 3] # list
tpl = (1, 2, 3) # tuple
s = {1, 2, 3}   # set
d = {"key": "value"} # dict