What are the main difficulties encountered when interacting with databases in your experience?

The main challenges when working with databases in Python are usually related to:

• Connection management: improper opening/closing of connections can lead to resource leaks.
• Query optimization: inefficient queries slow down the application.
• Error handling: exceptions related to the database need to be handled correctly.
• Schema migrations: maintaining an up-to-date database structure during changes.

For example, when using ORM (like SQLAlchemy), it is important to properly configure sessions and transactions to avoid deadlocks and data loss.