Can you explain what an SSL certificate is and how it ensures connection security?

An SSL certificate is a digital certificate that verifies the authenticity of a website and provides data encryption between the client and the server. It is used to establish a secure connection via the HTTPS protocol.

When a browser connects to a website with an SSL certificate, a "handshake" process occurs, during which:

1. The server sends its SSL certificate to the client.
2. The client verifies the authenticity of the certificate (for example, whether it is signed by a trusted certification authority).
3. If the verification is successful, an encrypted communication channel is established.

This ensures:

• Data confidentiality (encryption prevents interception).
• Data integrity (protection against tampering).
• Server authentication (the user is assured they are connecting to the correct site).