What tools or libraries have you used for working with databases in your projects?

In Python projects for working with databases, the following tools and libraries are often used:

• sqlite3 — a built-in library for working with SQLite, suitable for lightweight databases.
• psycopg2 — a popular driver for PostgreSQL.
• PyMySQL or mysql-connector-python — for working with MySQL.
• ORM libraries such as SQLAlchemy — provide a convenient level of abstraction for working with different DBMS.
• Django ORM — the built-in ORM of the Django framework.
• Peewee — a lightweight ORM.

Example of connecting to SQLite and executing a query:

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)')
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)', ('Alice',))
conn.commit()
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')
print(cursor.fetchall())
conn.close()