What does the IntegerChoices data type represent and what is it used for?

IntegerChoices is a convenient way to define a set of fixed integer constants with understandable names in Python, often used in Django for selecting values in models.

It allows you to set pairs (numeric value, human-readable name), which can be used, for example, for a model field with a limited set of options.

Example of usage in Django:

from django.db import models

class Status(models.IntegerChoices):
    DRAFT = 1, 'Draft'
    PUBLISHED = 2, 'Published'
    ARCHIVED = 3, 'Archived'

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    status = models.IntegerField(choices=Status.choices, default=Status.DRAFT)

Here, IntegerChoices helps make the code more readable and avoid magic numbers.