What is meant by competition in programming and how is it implemented?

Concurrency in programming is the ability of a program to execute multiple tasks simultaneously or switch between them to improve efficiency and responsiveness.

In Python, concurrency is implemented in several ways:

1. Threads — allow running multiple threads within a single process. However, due to the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock), threads in standard CPython do not execute in parallel on multiple cores, but they are useful for I/O operations.

2. Processes (multiprocessing) — create separate processes that can run in parallel on different cores, bypassing GIL limitations.

3. Asynchronous programming (asyncio) — allows writing code that does not block execution while waiting for I/O operations, using an event loop.

Example of using threads:

import threading

def task():
    print("Executing task")

thread = threading.Thread(target=task)
thread.start()
thread.join()

Thus, concurrency helps to efficiently utilize resources and improve program performance.