What authentication methods have you used in your projects?

In Python projects, I have used several authentication methods:

• Basic Authentication — a simple way of transmitting login and password in HTTP headers (usually over HTTPS).
• Token-based Authentication — using tokens (e.g., JWT) to verify user identity without constantly transmitting the password.
• OAuth 2.0 — for authorization through third-party services (Google, Facebook, etc.), often used to simplify login.
• Session-based Authentication — a classic approach with sessions stored on the server and a session identifier passed to the client.

Example of using JWT with the PyJWT library:

import jwt
import datetime

SECRET_KEY = 'secret_key'

# Creating a token
payload = {
    'user_id': 123,
    'exp': datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
}
token = jwt.encode(payload, SECRET_KEY, algorithm='HS256')

# Verifying the token
try:
    data = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=['HS256'])
    user_id = data['user_id']
except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
    print('Token has expired')
except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
    print('Invalid token')