What methods can be used to avoid automatic data saving in the database cache?

To avoid automatic caching of data in the database cache in Python, several approaches can be used:

1. Disable caching at the ORM or driver level — for example, in SQLAlchemy, you can disable session caching or use expire_on_commit=False.

2. Use transactions without commit — data will not be saved unless you call commit.

3. Explicit cache management — manually clear the cache after operations if the ORM or library caches data.

4. Use configuration parameters — some databases or drivers allow disabling query or result caching.

5. Work with the database in read-only mode — if supported, open a connection without write permissions.

Example with SQLAlchemy:

session = Session(bind=engine, expire_on_commit=False)
# Perform operations
session.add(obj)
# Do not call session.commit(), data will not be saved
session.rollback()  # revert changes

Thus, control over saving and caching depends on the library and settings used.