Can you name the main mechanisms and tools for organizing thread or process synchronization?

Main mechanisms and tools for thread or process synchronization in Python:

• Lock: Ensures mutual exclusion so that only one thread can execute a critical section.
• RLock (reentrant lock): Allows a thread to acquire the lock multiple times.
• Semaphore: Limits the number of threads that can access a resource simultaneously.
• Event: Allows one thread to signal others about the occurrence of an event.
• Condition: Allows threads to wait for a certain condition and notify each other.
• Queue: Thread-safe queue for data exchange between threads.

For processes (module multiprocessing), there are similar mechanisms:

• multiprocessing.Lock, multiprocessing.Semaphore, multiprocessing.Event, multiprocessing.Queue.

Example of using Lock:

import threading

lock = threading.Lock()

counter = 0

def increment():
    global counter
    with lock:
        temp = counter
        temp += 1
        counter = temp

threads = [threading.Thread(target=increment) for _ in range(100)]
for t in threads:
    t.start()
for t in threads:
    t.join()

print(counter)  # Should be 100