Can you explain the role and usage of the @wraps decorator from the functools module in Python?

The @wraps decorator from the functools module is used to preserve the metadata of the original function when writing custom decorators.

When you create a decorator, it usually returns a new wrapper function that replaces the original function. Without @wraps, the function's name, documentation, and other attributes will be lost, making debugging and documentation more difficult.

Example of using @wraps:

from functools import wraps

def my_decorator(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("Before calling the function")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print("After calling the function")
        return result
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def greet(name):
    "Greeting function"
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

print(greet.__name__)  # Will output 'greet', not 'wrapper'
print(greet.__doc__)   # Will output 'Greeting function'

Thus, @wraps helps to preserve the original function's attributes during decoration.