What is the purpose of data replication mechanisms in databases?

The data replication mechanism in databases is designed to create and maintain copies of data on multiple servers or nodes. The main goals of replication:

• Increased fault tolerance — when one server fails, data remains accessible on another.
• Enhanced read performance — read requests can be distributed among replicas.
• Ensuring geographical accessibility — data is available closer to users in different regions.

Example: in a system with a primary database and several replicas, write operations go to the primary server, while read operations are performed on replicas, reducing load and increasing response speed.