What do the kwargs parameters mean in a Python function and how to use them?

In Python, the parameter **kwargs is used in a function definition to pass an arbitrary number of named arguments (key-value pairs). This allows the function to accept additional parameters that were not explicitly listed in the parameter list.

Example of usage:

def greet(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

# Calling the function with arbitrary named arguments

greet(name="Ivan", age=30, city="Moscow")

Output:

name: Ivan
age: 30
city: Moscow

Thus, kwargs is a dictionary where the keys are the argument names, and the values are the passed values. It is convenient when it is unknown in advance what specific named parameters might be passed to the function.