What tools and components provide low-level operation of Docker?

At a low level, Docker operates thanks to several key components and tools:

• containerd — the core daemon for managing the lifecycle of containers.
• runc — a tool for running containers, utilizing Linux kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups.
• libcontainer — a library that interacts with the kernel to isolate processes.
• OverlayFS or other filesystem layers for organizing image layers.

Together, these components enable the creation, launching, and management of containers, leveraging the operating system's capabilities for isolation and resource management.