How is the organization and packaging of external libraries in software projects carried out?

Python's external libraries are usually organized and packaged using the package management system pip. To create your own library, you typically set up a project structure with files like setup.py or the modern pyproject.toml, where you specify metadata, dependencies, and entry points.

Main steps for packaging:

1. Project structure — source code, documentation, configuration files.
2. Configuration file — setup.py or pyproject.toml with package name, version, dependencies, etc.
3. Build the package — using tools like setuptools, wheel, or build to create distributables (.whl, .tar.gz).
4. Publish — upload the package to PyPI using twine for installation via pip install.

Example of a simple setup.py:

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name='my_library',
    version='0.1',
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[
        'requests',
    ],
)

Thus, organizing and packaging libraries makes it easy to distribute and use code across projects.