Could you explain what methods of the HTTP protocol exist and what they are used for?

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) uses several main methods, each designed for a specific action with resources on the server:

• GET — requests a representation of the resource. Used to retrieve data without changing the server's state.
• POST — sends data to the server to create a new resource or perform processing.
• PUT — replaces the current resource on the server with the provided content.
• DELETE — deletes the specified resource.
• HEAD — requests only the headers of the resource, without the body, useful for checking existence or metadata.
• OPTIONS — returns the methods supported by the server for the resource.
• PATCH — partially updates the resource, changing only specified fields.

Example of a GET request in Python using the requests library:

import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
print(response.status_code)
print(response.json())