What is the purpose of the HTTPS protocol in data transmission over the internet?

The HTTPS protocol is used for secure data transmission over the internet. It provides:

• Encryption: data between the client and server is transmitted in encrypted form, protecting it from interception and reading by third parties.
• Server authentication: the client verifies the authenticity of the server using digital certificates, preventing "man-in-the-middle" attacks.
• Data integrity: guarantees that data has not been altered during transmission.

Thus, HTTPS ensures confidentiality and security of information exchange, for example, when entering passwords or making online payments.