Explain the concept of cyclic dependencies in programming and why they are considered a problem.

Cyclic dependencies occur when two or more modules or components depend on each other directly or through a chain of dependencies. This is considered problematic because:

• It complicates understanding and maintaining the code.
• It makes it difficult to test modules in isolation.
• There may be issues with module loading or initialization.
• It worsens modularity and code reusability.

Avoiding cyclic dependencies is helped by proper architecture design, using interfaces, and separation of concerns.