Tell me about observability — what are its three parts?

Observability is the ability of a system to provide information about its internal state based on external data. It consists of three key components:

1. Logs — records of events that occur within the system. They help understand what exactly happened and when.

2. Metrics — numerical indicators that reflect the system's state over time, such as CPU load, number of requests, response time.

3. Traces — data about the sequence of calls and operations within a distributed system, allowing to trace the request path across different services.

These three components together provide a complete picture of the system's operation and help quickly identify and resolve issues.