Can you explain what static typing is compared to duck typing?

Static typing is when variable types are defined and checked at compile time. For example, in Java or C++, the variable type is fixed and type errors are detected before the program runs.

Duck typing is a dynamic approach common in Python, where the importance is not on an object belonging to a specific type, but on the presence of necessary methods and properties. If an object "behaves like a duck" (has the required methods), it is considered suitable.

Example of duck typing in Python:

def quack(duck):
    duck.quack()

class Duck:
    def quack(self):
        print("Quack")

class Person:
    def quack(self):
        print("I can quack like a duck")

quack(Duck())   # Quack
quack(Person()) # I can quack like a duck

Here, it is important that the object has a quack() method, not its type.