Explain what cyclic dependencies between modules in programming are and what consequences their occurrence may have.

Cyclic dependencies between modules occur when two or more modules import each other directly or through a chain of imports. For example, module A imports module B, and module B imports module A.

Consequences:

• Import errors, as the interpreter cannot resolve dependencies correctly.
• Increased code complexity and maintenance difficulties.
• Possible issues with variable and function initialization, as the load order of modules is disrupted.

To avoid cyclic dependencies, it is recommended to reorganize the code, extract common parts into separate modules, or use lazy imports inside functions.