What types of tools and capabilities are available for functions in the context of their use and development?

In Python, functions have many tools and features that make their use and development easier:

• Arguments with different passing methods: positional, named, with defaults, *args and **kwargs for variable numbers of arguments.
• Decorators: allow wrapping functions to extend their behavior without changing the original code.
• Function attributes: you can add your own attributes to functions to store additional information.
• Type annotations: help document and verify the types of arguments and return values.
• Nested functions and closures: functions inside functions that can capture variables from the outer scope.
• Generators: functions that return iterators using yield.

Example of using a decorator and annotations:

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f"Calling function {func.__name__}")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@decorator
def greet(name: str) -> str:
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("World"))

These features make functions in Python very flexible and powerful.