What are the main differences between Python 2 and Python 3?

Main differences between Python 2 and Python 3:

• print: In Python 2, it is a statement print, in Python 3 — a function print().

• String types: In Python 2, strings are ASCII by default, with a separate unicode type. In Python 3, strings are Unicode by default.

• Integer division: In Python 2, dividing integers returns an integer (e.g., 3/2 == 1), in Python 3 — a floating-point number (3/2 == 1.5). For integer division in Python 3, use //.

• range() and xrange(): In Python 2, there is range() (returns a list) and xrange() (generator). In Python 3, range() behaves like xrange().

• Exception handling: Syntax changed: except Exception, e in Python 2 is replaced with except Exception as e in Python 3.

• Modules and libraries: Some standard libraries have been renamed or changed.

Example:

# Python 2
print "Hello, world!"

# Python 3
print("Hello, world!")