Is Python a programming language based on functional principles or object-oriented paradigm?

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language that supports both object-oriented programming (OOP) and functional principles. In Python, you can create classes and objects, use inheritance and encapsulation, as well as apply higher-order functions, lambda expressions, generators, and other functional constructs.

Example of using OOP and functional elements in Python:

class Calculator:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def apply(self, func):
        self.value = func(self.value)

calc = Calculator(10)
calc.apply(lambda x: x * 2)  # functional style
print(calc.value)  # 20

Thus, Python is not limited to a single paradigm and allows the use of the approach most suitable for the task.