What limitations does the global Python interpreter (GIL) provide?

The Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python ensures that only one thread executes Python bytecode at a time. This restriction prevents multiple Python threads from executing simultaneously within a single process, simplifying memory management and avoiding race conditions, but it reduces the efficiency of multi-threaded CPU-bound tasks.

Example: In a multi-threaded Python program with GIL, threads cannot execute computations in parallel but can efficiently handle input-output operations.