What types of creational patterns do you know?

Creational design patterns are responsible for object creation and managing the instantiation process. The main types of creational patterns:

• Singleton — ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Factory Method — defines an interface for creating an object but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created.
• Abstract Factory — provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.
• Builder — separates the construction of a complex object from its representation, allowing the same construction process to create different representations.
• Prototype — creates new objects by copying existing ones.

Example of Singleton in Python:

class Singleton:
    _instance = None

    def __new__(cls):
        if cls._instance is None:
            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
        return cls._instance

s1 = Singleton()
s2 = Singleton()
print(s1 is s2)  # True