What automatic memory management approaches are you familiar with?

In Python, automatic memory management is primarily implemented through:

1. Reference Counting — each object maintains a reference count, which increases when a new reference to the object is created and decreases when a reference is deleted. When the count reaches zero, the object is automatically deleted.

2. Garbage Collector — in addition to reference counting, Python uses a garbage collector to detect cyclic references that cannot be freed by reference counting alone.

For example, if two objects reference each other but are not used in the program, the garbage collector will free them.

Thus, programmers usually do not need to manually manage memory — Python handles it automatically.