What are the advantages and disadvantages of the database normalization process?

Database normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity.

Advantages:

• Reduces data duplication, saving space and reducing the risk of errors.
• Enhances data integrity by eliminating insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.
• Simplifies maintenance and structural modifications of the database.

Disadvantages:

• Increases the number of tables and relationships, which can complicate queries and reduce performance.
• Sometimes, excessive normalization leads to the need for frequent JOIN operations.
• For some applications (e.g., analytical), denormalization may be more effective.