Can you explain what a B-tree is and how it differs from other data structures?

Tree B is a balanced data structure for storing sorted data, which allows efficient operations of search, insertion, and deletion.

Distinctive features of Tree B:

• Each node can contain multiple keys and have multiple children (unlike binary trees, where each node has at most two children).
• The tree is always balanced: all leaves are at the same level.
• A high degree of branching reduces the height of the tree, which speeds up input-output operations when working with large volumes of data (for example, on disk).

Unlike binary search trees, where each node contains one key and two children, Tree B is optimized for storage systems with slow memory access, minimizing the number of read/write operations.

Example: in a database, Tree B is used for indexes to quickly find records without the need for sequential scanning.