What is the role of the serialization isolation level in transaction interaction management?

The serializable isolation level is the strictest level of transaction isolation in a DBMS. Its role is to ensure that the concurrent execution of transactions is equivalent to some sequential (one after another) execution. This prevents issues such as phantom reads, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads.

In practice, this means transactions cannot see intermediate changes made by other transactions and cannot conflict when modifying the same data. As a result, maximum data integrity is achieved, but performance may decrease due to locking and waiting.

An example in PHP using PDO to set the isolation level:

$pdo->exec("SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE");
$pdo->beginTransaction();
// database operations
$pdo->commit();