What new features and capabilities of PHP 8 can you…

Union Types: Allow specifying multiple possible types for an argument, return value, or property.

// Example of Union Type
function processValue(int|float|string $value): int|float|string
{
    return $value;
}

Match expression: Similar to switch, but is an expression that returns a value and has stricter comparisons (===).

// Using match expression
$result = match ($status) {
    0 => 'Pending',
    1 => 'Processing',
    2 => 'Completed',
    default => 'Unknown status',
};

Named Arguments: Allow passing arguments to functions, methods, and constructors by their names, making calls more explicit, especially with many optional parameters.

// Using named arguments
function createUser(string $name, string $email, bool $isActive = true)
{
    // ...user creation logic
}

createUser(email: 'test@example.com', name: 'John Doe');

Attributes (formerly Annotations): A structured way to add metadata to classes, methods, properties, functions, and constants.

// Example attribute
#[Attribute]
class Route
{
    public function __construct(public string $path)
    {
    }
}

#[Route('/users')]
class UserController
{
    // ...
}

Constructor Property Promotion: Simplifies declaring and initializing class properties directly in the constructor.

// Property Promotion
class Point
{
    public function __construct(public float $x, public float $y)
    {
    }
}

Nullsafe operator (?->): Allows calling methods or accessing properties in a chain, safely handling null values at intermediate steps.
```
// Example nullsafe operator
$country = $user?->getAddress()?->getCountry()?->getName();
```
JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler: An experimental feature aimed at improving performance by compiling frequently used code into machine code.
Stringable interface: A new interface automatically implemented by classes with a __toString() method. It indicates the ability to convert an object to a string.
```
// Using Stringable interface
function printStringable(Stringable $value)
{
    echo $value;
}
```

New static return type: Indicates that a method will return an instance of the class it was called on (more precise than self).

// New static return type
class ParentClass
{
    public function create(): static
    {
        return new static();
    }
}

Feature	Brief Description
Union Types	Specify multiple possible types for a variable/return/property.
Match expression	A selection expression similar to `switch`.
Named Arguments	Passing arguments by name.
Attributes	Metadata for code.
Constructor Property Promotion	Declare/initialize properties in constructor.
Nullsafe operator (`?->`)	Safe access to properties/methods in a chain with null.
JIT Compiler	Experimental compiler for performance.
Stringable interface	Interface for objects that can be converted to a string.
New `static` return type	Specify return of an instance of the calling class.

What new features and capabilities of PHP 8 can you highlight?