What are the main characteristics that determine the properties of a transaction in database management systems?

The main characteristics of transactions in database management systems are described by the ACID properties:

• Atomicity — the transaction is completed in full or not at all; partial changes are not saved.
• Consistency — after the transaction completes, the database remains in a correct state, satisfying all constraints.
• Isolation — parallel transactions do not affect each other, and the results of one transaction are not visible to others until it is completed.
• Durability — after a transaction is committed, its changes are saved even in case of system failures.

These properties ensure reliability and predictability in data handling.