What are the main principles of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Main principles of OOP:

1. Encapsulation: Combining data (properties) and methods (functions that work with these data) into a single unit (object) and hiding the internal implementation from the outside world. Access to data is provided through public methods.

2. Inheritance: The ability to create new classes (child classes) based on existing ones (parent classes), inheriting their properties and methods. This allows code reuse and building class hierarchies.

3. Polymorphism: The ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same method call in different ways, depending on their specific type.

4. Abstraction: Highlighting the most important characteristics of an object, ignoring less significant details. It allows creating a clear and simplified representation of an entity.