How does information exchange occur between the model, view, and controller in MVC architecture?

In MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, responsibility is divided among three components:

• Model — responsible for data and business logic.
• View — responsible for displaying data to the user.
• Controller — handles user input and interacts with the model and view.

The information exchange occurs as follows:

1. The user interacts with the View (e.g., presses a button).
2. The View sends an event to the Controller.
3. The Controller processes the event, possibly changing data in the Model.
4. The Model updates its state.
5. The Model notifies the View of changes (e.g., via observer pattern or direct call).
6. The View updates the display based on the new data from the Model.

Example in PHP (simplified):

// Controller
class UserController {
    private $model;
    private $view;

    public function __construct($model, $view) {
        $this->model = $model;
        $this->view = $view;
    }

    public function updateUserName($name) {
        $this->model->setName($name);
        $this->view->render($this->model->getData());
    }
}

Thus, the controller acts as an intermediary between the model and the view, ensuring the flow of data and events.