What is HTTP and HTTPS and how do they differ?

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a data transfer protocol on the internet used for exchanging information between a client (browser) and a server. It operates over TCP and transmits data in plain text.

HTTPS is an extension of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS to encrypt the connection. This ensures confidentiality and integrity of data, as well as server authentication.

Main differences:

• Security: HTTP transmits data openly, HTTPS encrypts it.
• Port: HTTP typically uses port 80, HTTPS uses port 443.
• Certificates: HTTPS requires an SSL certificate to verify the authenticity of the website.

Example: when entering a password on a website via HTTP, the data can be intercepted, whereas via HTTPS it is protected by encryption.