What is the main difference between calling functions via bind and apply methods in JavaScript?

The main difference between bind and apply in JavaScript is:

• bind creates a new function with a bound context (this) and optionally initial arguments. This new function can be called later.
• apply immediately invokes the function with a specified context and arguments passed as an array.

Example:

function greet(greeting, punctuation) {
  console.log(greeting + ', ' + this.name + punctuation);
}

const person = { name: 'Ivan' };

const boundGreet = greet.bind(person, 'Hello');
boundGreet('!'); // Outputs: Hello, Ivan!

// Using apply to invoke immediately

greet.apply(person, ['Hello', '.']); // Outputs: Hello, Ivan.