What steps are involved in displaying a web page in a browser?

The process of rendering a web page in a browser involves several key steps:

1. Page request: The browser sends an HTTP request to the server via the URL.
2. Receiving the response: The server returns an HTML document.
3. HTML parsing: The browser analyzes the HTML and constructs the DOM tree.
4. Resource loading: As it parses, the browser discovers links to CSS, JS, images, and loads them.
5. CSS parsing: A CSSOM (CSS Object Model) is created.
6. Building the render tree: Combining DOM and CSSOM to determine element styles.
7. Layout calculation: Determining the size and position of elements on the page.
8. Painting: Rendering pixels on the screen.
9. Executing JavaScript: Scripts may modify the DOM and CSSOM, triggering re-renders.

This cycle ensures dynamic and correct rendering of the web page.