Can you explain what method overriding means in object-oriented programming and how it is applied?

Method overriding is a feature in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

This allows changing or extending the behavior of the method for a specific subclass while maintaining a common interface.

Example in JavaScript (Node.js):

class Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log('Animal makes a sound');
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log('Dog barks');
  }
}

const dog = new Dog();
dog.speak();  // Outputs: Dog barks

Here, the speak method in the Dog class overrides the method from the Animal class to provide more specific behavior.