What is the difference between TypeScript and JavaScript?

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing and additional features for developing large applications. Main differences:

• Static typing: TypeScript allows explicitly specifying types for variables, functions, and objects, which helps catch errors at compile time.
• Compilation: TypeScript code is compiled into plain JavaScript, which can be understood by any browser or runtime environment.
• Support for modern features: TypeScript supports new ECMAScript standards and additional syntactic constructs, such as interfaces, enums, and generics.

Example:

function greet(name: string): string {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}

console.log(greet("World"));

In JavaScript, the equivalent would look like this, but without type checking:

function greet(name) {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}

console.log(greet("World"));

Thus, TypeScript helps write more reliable and maintainable code, especially in large projects.