How does a browser display the content of a web page after receiving data from the server?

After receiving data from the server, the browser goes through several stages to display a web page:

1. Parsing HTML — the browser reads the HTML and constructs the DOM tree.
2. Parsing CSS — the CSSOM (CSS Object Model) is built.
3. Building the Render Tree — combining DOM and CSSOM to determine what and how to display.
4. Calculating styles and layout — determining the size and position of elements.
5. Painting — the browser paints pixels on the screen.

If there is JavaScript on the page, it can modify the DOM and CSSOM, causing repeated layout and paint stages.