What approaches exist in JavaScript for implementing code reuse without using prototypal inheritance?

In JavaScript, the following approaches are often used for code reuse without prototypal inheritance:

1. Higher-order functions and function composition — creating small functions that can be combined to achieve the desired behavior.

2. Mixins — objects or functions that add functionality to other objects through property copying.

3. Decorators — functions that wrap other functions, extending their behavior.

4. Modules — isolating reusable code into separate files or namespaces.

5. Classes using composition instead of inheritance — including objects as properties instead of inheritance.

Example of a mixin:

const canEat = {
  eat() {
    console.log('Eating');
  }
};

const canWalk = {
  walk() {
    console.log('Walking');
  }
};

function createPerson(name) {
  let person = { name };
  return Object.assign(person, canEat, canWalk);
}

const person = createPerson('John');
person.eat(); // Eating
person.walk(); // Walking

Thus, code reuse is achieved through composition and combining functionalities, rather than through prototypal inheritance.