What is logistic regression?

Logistic regression is a statistical method for solving classification problems, usually binary (two-class). It models the probability of an object belonging to one of the classes using a logistic function (sigmoid), which transforms a linear combination of features into a value between 0 and 1.

Example: if we have features (x), the model computes (p = \frac{1}{1 + e^{- (w^T x + b)}}), where (p) is the probability of belonging to class 1.

Logistic regression is widely used due to its simplicity, interpretability, and efficiency for linearly separable data.