Can you list the main hierarchy of exception classes used?

In Java, the class hierarchy of exceptions starts with the base class Throwable. From it, two main subclasses are inherited:

• Error — errors that are usually not handled by the application (e.g., OutOfMemoryError).
• Exception — exceptions that can and should be handled.

In turn, Exception is divided into:

• Checked exceptions, which need to be explicitly handled or declared (e.g., IOException).
• Unchecked exceptions, descendants of RuntimeException (e.g., NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException).

Example hierarchy:

java.lang.Throwable
├── java.lang.Error
└── java.lang.Exception
    ├── java.lang.RuntimeException
    └── other checked exceptions