What methods can be used to fix memory leak issues in a program?

Memory leak mitigation in Java involves several approaches:

• Using profiling tools (e.g., VisualVM, YourKit) to identify objects that are not released.
• Proper management of references: avoiding strong references to objects that are no longer needed (e.g., using WeakReference).
• Closing resources (files, connections) in try-with-resources blocks or explicitly in finally.
• Avoiding static collections that accumulate objects without clearing.
• Checking for cyclic references and listeners that may hold onto objects.

Example of closing a resource:

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"))) {
    // work with the file
}
// resource is automatically closed